Biography:

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kabul University of Medical Science, 24000 Kabul, Afghanistan.

Abstract:

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is globally a major public health threat. Resistance to methicillin originates from a modified protein called PBP2a encoded by mecA gene. Recently, a new divergent of mecA has been reported which is called mecC and encodes PBP2c. Presence of PVL gene in MRSA increases the risk of these pathogens. Epidemiology and characteristics of MRSA differ in different geographical regions. This study was conducted to characterize MRSAs isolated from patients in HTAA, Pahang, Malaysia in terms of the genes that mediate resistance to methicillin and PVL encoding gene. Furthermore, to determine their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Materials and methods: In this study a total of 36 isolates of MRSA have been collected during a period of three months (1stFebruary –30thApril, 2018). After the reconfirmation and susceptibility testing to ten different commonly used antibiotics, the isolates were characterized by real-time PCR. Results: Based on the identifying criteria, 44.4% of the isolates were CA-MRSA, and 55.5% were HA-MRSA. It was found that resistance to oxacillin, cefoxitin and penicillin was 100%, gentamycin 88.8%, erythromycin 33.3%, tetracycline 77.7%, trimethorim-sulfamethoxazole 61.1%, clindamycin 13.8%, chloramphenicol 11.1%, and none were resistant to vancomycin. Real-time PCR revealed that all isolates were mecA positive and 4% were PVL-positive. All PVL-positive strains were CA-MRSA and all were susceptible to clindamycin. Conclusion: The study confirms the presence of multi-drug resistant MRSA in the study area, and shows that resistance to methicillin is mecA mediated. PVL carrier strains were related to CA-MRSA and constituted 11.1% of the tested isolates.

Biography:

Dr. Janice R. Perussi is PhD in Physical-Chemistry by the University of São Paulo. She is a professor and researcher at the Institute of Chemistry of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. She has experience with photosensitizers and their photodynamic properties, photo-toxicity, intracellular accumulation, photodegradation, photoinactivation of microrganisms and biofilms besides drug delivery systems. She has published more than 100 papers and has been serving as referee for a number of scientific journals.

Abstract:

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (A-PDT) is a promising alternative to fight local infections through the combination of a photosensitizer (PS), molecular oxygen and visible light producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to microorganisms death. A-PDT was used to photoinactivate mono and multispecies biofilms of E. coli; E. faecalis and methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) using multivariate analysis by Full Factorial Design 23 (FFD) and new chlorins: CHL-OH-A, CHL-PH-A and CHL-T synthesized in Brazil. Photodynamic treatment was performed using the FFD 23 incubated by 20, 30 and 40 min, PS concentrations of 5; 7.5 and 10 μmol L-1 and light doses of 15, 22 and 30 J cm-2 at 660 nm, subjecting the results to two-way ANOVA. Fluorescence and SEM were used to verify the membrane integrity and to confirm the photooxidation. Chlorins were effective for photoinactivation reducing above 3 logCFU mL-1 for all biofilm models. ROS photooxidize a wide variety of biomolecules, which was observed by Raman microspectroscopy (mRaman) besides the presence of characteristic carotenoid peaks (1550 and 1503 cm-1), which is an antioxidant pigment present in MRSA explaining a greater resistance in relation to E. faecalis, even though being gram-positive. FT-IV showed the photoxidation of the phospholipid membrane (1740 cm-1) of all bacteria after A-PDT. The highest reduction obtained was Δ7.4 logCFU mL-1 for E.faecalis, followed by 5.2; 4.5 and 3.6 for MRSA, multispecies and E. coli. A-PDI in combination with multivariate analysis and new chlorins presents potential to combat bacterial biofilms.
CEPOF/FAPESP, CAPES, CNPq
 

Biography:

E. Marusakova has completed his MD at the age of 24 years from Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. MBA study completed from Nottingham Trent University. She is executive director responsible for quality, medical and scientific issues, regulatory and pharmacovigilance at Centraleuropean Biotech Institute in Slovakia. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as a voluntary editorial member in Journal of Health Policy, Insurance and Management. Since 2009, she lectures at the Slovak Medical University.

Abstract:

Background: Slovakia is a member of European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARSN) since 2013. In all reported areas, Slovakia ranks between 25-50% of the countries with the highest proportion of antibiotic resistant samples tested. Specifically, MRSA has since 2013 slightly increasing trend. One of the most prominent problem in Slovakia is MRSA in patients with chronic autoimmune disease. Specifically, highly problematic is nosocomial infection of the skin and soft tissue (SSTNI). SSTNI is characterised by erythema and inflammation. Patients with chronic autoimmune diseases are more sensitive to this tzpe of infection. Antimicrobial resistence menas in these patients long term infection with, very often, poor prognosis and decreased quality of life. There were no data about co-infection in these patients. Our intention was to review all available data, analyse and synthesize them, and then add current cross-sectional data from the largest diagnostic sites.

Objective: The aim was to identify the most common agents of SSTNI and to link analysed data to the reported MRSA data.

Methods: Selection of the data from the national epidemiological information system was performed. The selection was made from data on nosocomial infections with the localization on the skin, event. mucosa, wounds and burns, infection of the surgical wound. Time period was from 1997 -2018. Within these data, ICD-10 diagnoses have been filtered (L08, L89, T81.3, T81.4).

In these data recognition of pathogen was performed. These data were analysed from the perspective of time development and a descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

MRSA data from Slovakia reported to EARSN were selected and analysed. These data were linked to SSTNI.

Results: Increasing exponential trend on SSTNI was identified, from 503 cases in 1997 to 1338 cases in 2018 

5 most frequent pathogen were identified: Staphylococcus aureus (39.47%; CI 95% ± 7.07%), E. coli unspecified (9.88%; CI 95% ± 1.70%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.85 %%; CI 95% ± 0.92%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.26%; CI 95% ± 1.70%), Proteus mirabilis (4.07%; CI 95% ± 0.53%). No data on resistance were present at the national epidemiological system that were SSTNI. MRSA is present in 26,74 % (CI 95%, ± 0.92%) of Staph. aureus isolates. No information neither on HA-MRSA nor on CA-MRSA was identified in any of existed database.

Conclusion: Linking data on Stap. aureus SSTNI with MRSA data, MSSA seems to be the most frequent pathogen of SSTNI. MRSA seems to be second the most frequent pathogen in SSTNI. Increasing trend on SSTNI was not observed in MRSA ratio in SSTNI caused by Stap. aureus.

Based on analysed data basic research and development on innovative locally applied plaster with bacteriophages will be realized.

Biography:

Abstract:

Aspergillus flavus is a notorious foodborne fungus, posing a significant risk to humans in the form of hepatocellular carcinoma or aspergillosis. Thymol, as a food preservative, could efficiently kill conidia of A. flavus. However, the underlying mechanisms by which thymol kills A. flavus are not completely understood. With specific fluorescent dyes, we detected several apoptotic hallmarks, including chromatin condensation, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA damage, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase 9 activation in conidia exposed to 200 μg/mL of thymol, indicating that thymol induced a caspase-dependent conidial apoptosis in A. flavus. Chemical-protein interactome (CPI) and autodock analyses showed that KCNAB, homologue to the β-subunit of the voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) and aldo-keto reductase, was the potential target of thymol. Following studies demonstrated that thymol could activate the aldo-keto reductase activity of KCNAB in vitro and stimulate a transient K⁺ efflux in conidia, as determined using a Port-a-Patch. Blocking K⁺ eruption by 4-aminopyridine (a universal inhibitor of Kv) could significantly alleviate thymol-mediated conidial apoptosis, indicating that activation of Kv was responsible for the apoptosis. Taken together, our results revealed a K⁺ efflux-mediated apoptotic pathway in A. flavus, which greatly contributed to the development of an alternative strategy to control this pathogen.

Biography:

Gholamreza Bayazian has graduated in otolaryngology at the age of 37 years from Tabriz University of medical sciences and achieved the first degree in ENT board of Iran. He has founded the ENT ward in AliAsghar Pediatric hospital and worked in the pediatric field. He has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

Abstract:

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the association of the presence and extent of adenoid biofilms and the frequency of upper airway infections in children with upper airway obstruction. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2014 to December 2015 on pediatric patients who were candidates for adenoidectomy due to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). After removal of the adenoid tissue and fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, the samples were sent to the electron microscopy unit. The extent of biofilm formation was examined using environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results were then confirmed by image analysis software. Results: Fifty-seven children with a mean age of 7.31 (±2.65) years (a range of 28 months to 13 years) were included in this study, of whom 43 (75.4%) were male and 14 (24.6%) were female. The average number of upper airway infections during the last 12 months before adenoidectomy was 10.01 (±5.38). Biofilm structure was detected in all (100%) the samples. As the main outcome, the extent of biofilm grading exhibited a statistically significant correlation with the frequency of upper airway infections (Spearman test, P=0.000, coefficient correlation=0.566). The adenoid size exhibited no significant correlation with the number of upper airway infections and the extent of biofilm. There was also no significant correlation between age, sex and duration of obstructive symptoms with the grading of biofilm extent and adenoid size. Conclusion: The present study showed that the extent of adenoid biofilm had a significant relationship with the frequency of upper airway infection rate. It seems that the presence of biofilm on the adenoid surface as a reservoir of microorganisms could cause chronic inflammation; therefore, adenoidectomy might be effective as a strategy to prevent infection in children with recurrent upper airway infections.

Biography:

Ms. Zartasha zafar is post-graduate student and working under the supervision of Dr. Bushra Allah Rakha at Department of Wildlife Management, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University-Rawalpindi-46300, Pakistan. She has worked on many research projects on Indian red jungle fowl semen cryopreservation and is a co-author of more than five research publications. She has won merit scholarship from the University and has excellent research and academic background. 

Abstract:

Presence of bacteria in semen ejaculate is detrimental to sperm survival. The present study was designed to isolate, identify bacteria in the semen ejaculate, their antibiotic sensitivity and the effect of antibiotics on post-thaw semen quality of Indian red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus murghi). Semen was collected from eight cocks of Indian red jungle fowl and split into 6 treatments having Streptomycin, Neomycin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Penicillin   and control (Without antibiotic). The sample was cryopreserved stored in liquid nitrogen for further processing.  Sperm Motility, Plasma Membrane Integrity, livability and Acrosomal Integrity were observed at different stages of cryopreservation
(Post-dilution, post-cooling, post-equilibration and post-thawing).. The antibiotic addition to semen extender did not pose any significant affect (P>0.05) on semen quality parameters as compared to control. The bacterial contaminants isolated were Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus  spp. and Bacillus spp. All of these bacteria were found sensitive to Penicillin, Neomycin and Kanamycin. Staphylococcus spp were sensitive to streptomycin, Penicillin and Neomycin. While Bacillus spp was found sensitive to  Penicillin and Gentamicin. It was concluded that addition of antibiotics to semen extenders did not cause any toxicity and maintained semen quality as that of untreated control samples. It was found that Penicillin was the most effective antibiotic in the present study. Therefore it was recommended that Penicillin can be added to semen extenders for the control of bacterial contamination without affecting semen quality of Indian red jungle fowl.

Biography:

Dr. Abdullah Noori has completed his MD at Kabul University of Medical Sciences, and completed his specialization in genral surgery  in Jamhoriat Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan. Currently he is a faculty member at the KUMS. Dr Abdullah Noori has performed three research studies on prevalence of pathogenic microbes and antibiotic resistance these research papers are published in a local medical journal named “Afghan Tebi Mujala”

Abstract:

Introduction: E coli are life-threatening pathogens commonly isolated from patients with bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections. The rising rate of antibiotic resistant has increased the concern about this pathogen. This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of E coli isolated from patients hospitalized in Amiri Hospital, a tertiary hospital located in Kabul. Method: In this study a total of 150 samples of E coli were collected during a period of 6 months (1^st of January 2018 to 30^th of Jun 2018). The samples were taken from patients of both gender and any age group admitted in different wards of the hospital. After the confirmation of the samples as E coli by conventional laboratory tests, the antibiotic susceptibility profile was tested to 9 commonly used antibiotics by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration methods according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline. Results: in this study the resistance pattern to tested antibiotics was as follow: Tetracycline (61%), Ampicillin (55%), Cefuroxime (62%), Cefotaxime (80%), Cefixime (66%), Amikacin (40%), Ciprofloxacin (45%), Norfloxacin (56%), Cotrimoxazole (63%). Conclusion: this study confirmed the resistant strain of E coli to all tested antibiotics. Most of the tested strains were multi-drug resistant as those strains were resistant to three or more groups of antibiotics.

Biography:

Minerva A. Garcia, MLS, MT (ASCP), MS is an Asscoiate Director Microbiology at Jacobi Medical Center in NYC. She has published three papers in major reputable journals has has presented more than 10 abstracts via poster presenations included Harvard Medical School New Research Building sponsored by Society of Biomolecular Imaging and Infomatics Second Annual Conference among many others. Currently, thesis publication “Evaluation of Vancomycin MICs for the Treatment of MRSA  in Bacteremia”. She has been involved with American Society of Microbiology national and regional for more than thirty years.

Abstract:

A blood culture isolate of an unusual morphology appearing alpha colonies of facultative anaerobe, GV-PmBdCurvB (Gram Variable Pleomorphic Beaded Curved Bacillus) microorganism was isolated from an aerobic blood culture of a 51-year-old male that was presented to ER with temperature of 39oC. Possibly seems that after being found in the subway floor possibly bitten by a rat in the subway and/or eaten contaminated food.  This was one of the findings as per the identification of the microbe. The patient presented with myalgia, arthralgia and chills. The blood culture taken turned positive after day 3. It was returned to the instrument because was non-viable and failed to grow within 48 hours aerobically, anaerobically and microaerophilic. Gram stain revealed a Gram variable bacilli 3% KOH was used to determine its gram variability as a guide to properly guide the clinician. Upon further examination, on day 5, it revealed the microbe was fastidious pathogen with morphology of G + C content growing and requiring 5 to 7 days of further incubation. This organism thought was mixed with two different microbes, turned out that it was not. It was the same strain. It proved to have distinctive features: Gram variable pleomorphic beaded/branching and curved bacilli. It was suspected as two distinctive microorganisms (small and large colonies) identified as one. It failed automation identification as our lab test showed inert biochemically and was forwarded to our Public Health reference lab- NYCDOHMH, they were unable to identify and thus forwarded to NYSDOHWC. NYSDOHWC Identified as S. moniliformis by culture, biochemicals and Bacterial DNA Sequence Analysis. The patient was treated with Vanco-mycin 1g q12 and Meropenem 1g q8 and responded well. The organism took closely to two months for identification due to slow growth characteristic likely the reason and its and gram variable.

NYCDOHMH (NYC DOH Public Health laboratory)/NYSDOHWC (NYS DOH Wadsworth Center)

Biography:

Professor of Public Health and Nursing at the Faculty of Medicine and the School of Public Health at the University of Lubumbashi. Author of more than 20 scientific publications in international journals in the field of maternal and child health, hospital hygiene, HIV AIDS and management of health institutions. She is currently director of the School of Public Health of the same university.

Abstract:

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the use of mobile phones by maternity staff of public hospitals in Lubumbashi and determine the bacterial contamination of mobile phones.

Methods: The study was descriptive cross conducted during the period July to December 2016. The sampling was done by volunteer staff in maternity wards of public hospitals in Lubumbashi. Were excluded from the study personnel do not exercise care business to motherhood. A form was filled by bringing together all the data regarding the type of mobile phone caregivers (with buttons, digital and / or digital with pouch) and the use of mobile phones during work time.Data collection was done by swabbing onphones by using ISO / DIS 14698-1. Sample analysis was performed in the laboratory of the university clinics of Lubumbashi and statistical analyzes were performed using Epi Info 7.1.

Résultats : Le résultat montre que 100% (soit 54 téléphones) de nos enquêtés possédaient un téléphone portable et l’utilisait en présence des malades. La majorité des personnels (40/54 soit 74,1%)  arrêtaient les soins pour répondre au téléphone et parmi eux, 39 (97,6%) n’appliquaient pas l’hygiène des mains systématiquement avant de reprendre le soin. 51 des 54 téléphones portables prélevés étaient contaminés (94,4%). Les germes les plus isolés étaient l’Escherichia coli (16,98%), l’Enterococcus faecalis (15,01%) et le Citrobacter freundi (11,32%). La présence des bactéries sur le téléphone portable était significativement associée à l’hygiène du téléphone (p=0,005) et aux personnels qui stoppaient le soin pour répondre au téléphone (p=0,001). L’association entre le type de téléphone et la présence des germes n’était pas statistiquement significative (p=0,25).

Conclusion: Cell phones could play a role in the transmission of nosocomial infections. It is necessary to prohibit the use of phones during care and promote hand hygiene and the use of hydro-alcoholic solutions for disinfecting both cell phones as hands.

Keywords: bacterial ecology, mobile phone, motherhood

Biography:

Samir Jaoua, has completed his PhD at the age of 27 years from the University of Technology of Compiegne (UTC, France), and postdoctoral studies from Ciba-Geigy (Novartis) in Basle (Switzerland). He is Professor of Microbiology at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences (CAS, Qatar Univ.). He is also Qualified Professor of France Universities “Section 64: Molecular Biology and Biochemistry” and Professor at the University of Sfax (Tunisia). Prof. Samir Jaoua is molecular and microbial geneticist. He has published 126 papers in reputed journals. His H-index is 32 with 3125 citations.

Abstract:

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bioinsectices have been recognized as the most successful, environmentally safe and sustainable agents controlling insect pests. In the present study, more than 600 Bt (QBT) strains were isolated from Qatar soil. The exploration of these Bt isolates was based on the proteomics of the crystal d-endotoxins, responsible of the insecticidal activity and on the bacteriocins that are peptide antibiotics and the investigation of the corresponding genes. Bt crystals showed different forms, with the highest ratio of spherical ones. Among the spherical crystals, four different morphologies were observed. The proteomic content of parasporal crystals from each Bt isolate revealed that there are 16 different protein profiles. On the other hand, plasmid pattern analysis showed that the collection has only 7 different plasmid profiles. These QBT strains harbour genes cry4B, cry11, cyt1a , cry2, vip3A and cry1Ia depending on their crystal forms. Many gene sequences show polymorphism compared to reference strains cry genes and others cyt genes encoding cytotoxicity against cancer cells. 19 Bt israelensis strains have been identified as candidates for d-endotoxin production targeting dipteran insects and disease vectors. The insecticidal activity of the crystal proteins showed variable LC50 against Aedes aegypti On the other hand, we investigated the activities of various bacteriocins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis strains. 25% of the collection of strains have shown bacteriocin activities against the pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus at 30oC. Bacteriocin production was found to be dependent on media composition, type of substrate (solid/liquid), temperature, physiological state of the cells and presence of plasmids. Plasmid cured Bt. 4Q7 produced a 100oC thermostable glycoprotein type bacteriocin. QBT466 produced a heat-sensitive bacteriocin that specifically killed S. aureus cells very quickly. All these bacteriocins have novel characteristics that have not been previously reported and might have important applications in probiotics and human microbiome.
 

Biography:

Thomas graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Sydney in 1975. After practicing in several countries he established a cattle practice in SW Kansas. His primary focus is dealing with so-called “high-risk animals”. He usually sees between 60-70000 of these type of cattle a year with morbidity varying between 10-50% and without antimicrobial intervention mortality can approach 30-60% - creating not only a health issue but an economic one too. He has also consulted to three Pharmaceutical Companies in regards to antimicrobial use in beef cattle as well as performing field evaluations for such drugs.

Abstract:

The primary cause of this morbidity and mortality is pneumonia called bovine respiratory disease or shipping fever and this accounts for over 95% of sickness and death. Use of antimicrobials is based and directed by a combination of the following; Weight and length of feeding: To project a safe to slaughter dates, culture and sensitivity results: Do about 1000-2000 cultures a year from the following, autopsy samples of lung and mediastinal lymph nodes, Trans Tracheal and bronchial washes from clinically sick and pre-treated animals. The trend in the industry has been an increase in the metaphylaxis use of antibiotics sold as “One Shot” drugs (Protocol A) with a therapeutic blood and tissue levels greater than 24hours, where the practice was for shorter acting drugs given every other day for 3 treatments (Protocol B). Protocol drugs include macrolides fluoroquinolones third-generation cephalosporins and florfenicol. Protocol B drugs include penicillin third-generation cephalosporins (short-acting) and tetracyclines. The pathogenic bacterial are Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis. During 2017 the industry experienced a devastating high incidence of atypical acute mycoplasma pneumonia which skewed things up.

Biography:

Abstract:

Biography:

Abstract: