Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Anna G Afinogenova
St. Petersburg State University, Russia
Keynote: Influence of antiseptics and their combinations on microbial DNA and biofilms
Time : 9:00-9:50
Biography:
Anna G Afinogenova is a Pharmacist, Microbiologist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, specialized in Clinical Microbiology. She is currently working as the Head of Laboratorial Centre of St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute and also as a Professor of St. Petersburg State University. She has published more than 30 papers in journals and a Member of EWMA.
Abstract:
Local antiseptics in sub-bactericidal concentrations are active against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, including Gram-negative bacteria. The studies were performed in vitro and in vivo, on the culture of fibroblast cells of human embryonic skin. Our study shows antiadhesive activity of QATs against S. aureus, their ability to suppress hyaluronidase and staphylococcal plasmocoagulase. Poviargol (silver nanoclusters) is able to suppress protein A of staphylococcus, prevents the formation of microbial biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Polyhexanide shows antiadhesive properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, enhances the effect of antibiotics against resistant microbes due to increased permeability of the cell wall, affects plasmacoagulase, collagenase. The combined effect of sodium hypochlorite and quinoxoline derivative on microbial DNA was assessed by UV spectroscopy and electrophoresis. For the first time, a dose-dependent effect of sodium hypochlorite on individual nucleotides and polynucleotides was obtained, and complete destruction of the plasmid DNA of Escherichia coli DH5-Alpha strain was demonstrated. It has been established that the interaction with sodium hypochlorite involves the destruction of the secondary structure of DNA (denaturation) and the chemical modification of nitrogenous bases, presumably chlorination. The presence of a secondary structure slows down the chemical reaction of sodium hypochlorite with nitrogenous DNA bases. The ability of antiseptics to destroy formed (48 hours) microbial biofilms of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied. In this case combined action of two antiseptics was better than one agent by itself. Various antiseptics in non-bactericide concentrations complexly affect the antibiotic-resistant microbial cell: increase the permeability of the cell membrane, inhibit the enzyme-in activators of antibiotics and suppress the epidemic factors of the transfer of antibiotic resistance markers by transduction and conjugation.
Keynote Forum
Chia-Yen Dai
Kaohsiung Medical University,Taiwan
Keynote: The clinical impact of the end of treatment viremia in Taiwanese patients with CHC treated with DAAs
Time : 9:50-10:50
Biography:
Dr. Chia-Yen Dai has completed his M.D., Master and PhD from Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He is the Director of Health Management Center and Department of Community Medicine, and visiting staff of Hepatology, Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, and the full Professor of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Secretary General and Vice President of Library and Information Services of the Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Medical University. He has published more than 250 papers in reputed journals with more than 50 papers being the first author.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) treatment is the standard of care over the world where they are avialble with high efficacy. The end-of-treatment (EOT) viremia has been encountered and the impacts are not clear. The purpose of this study is to describe the result of quantifiable HCV RNA at the EOT in Taiwan
Methodology:
In Taiwan, the National Health Insurance (NHI) reimbursed the cost of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) since 2003 and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) since January 2017. We have examined the patients who received DAAs therapy in Kaohsiung Medical University, our tertiary medical center in Kaohsiung. Patients were treated by the asunaprevir/daclatasvir, paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir/dasabuvir, Grazoprevir/ elbasvir, sofosbuvir+ribavirin, sofosbuvir/ladipasvir or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) for standard 8-24 weeks which are available.
Keynote Forum
H B Veena Kumari
Neurocare Institute, India
Keynote: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A molecular insight of the predominant clones causing central nervous system infections, an experience from a Tertiary Neuro-Care Centre, South India
Time : 11:20-12:10
Biography:
H B Veena Kumari has completed M D in Microbiology. She is currently working as a Professor in the Department of Neuro-microbiology and also a Member Secretary, Hospital Infection Surveillance System, Neurocare Institute in South India. She has published more than 30 papers in reputed international and national.
Abstract:
Central Nervous System (CNS) infections by highly resistant organisms like Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) result is a considerable burden for both patients and healthcare services and challenges the hospital infection control. This study was carried out to understand the different molecular clones of MRSA causing CNS infections. Cases with positive CSF or brain abscess cultures caused by MRSA in a period of three years were included. A total of 22 MRSA (16 from post-operative meningitis and 6 from brain abscess) isolates were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. MRSA isolates were characterized by SCCmec typing, agr typing, spa typing and also screened for the presence of clinically important toxin genes. The biofilm production was determined by Microtitre plate method. The isolates were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin and Linezolid whereas 90.9% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. Strong biofilm forming ability was noted in 54.5% of the isolates. The predominant SCCmec types were type-III (50%) followed by type-V (22.7%). The carriage of atleast one toxin gene was seen in 95.5% of the isolates with toxins like HLA and PVL observed in 77.3% and 63.6% respectively. Spa types t030, t037, t852 were predominantly noted. The study shows a variety of MRSA clones carrying potential virulent toxin genes exhibiting increased antibiotic resistance and biofilm forming ability causing threatening CNS infections. The understanding of molecular epidemiology of MRSA is crucial in controlling these infections and strengthening of infection control practices.
- Applied Microbiology
Chair
Dewinta Enggar Pramesthi
Airlangga University, Indonesia
Co-Chair
Manik R Wahyunitisari
Airlangga University, Indonesia
Session Introduction
Learn-Han Lee
Monash University, Malaysia.
Title: Discovery of anti-MRSA protein from mangrove-derived Streptomyces pluripotens MUSC 135T
Time : 12:10-12:50
Biography:
The emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria or “super bug” has called on the scientific community to search for more potent, effective drugs to keep these pathogens under control. At the forefront of the production of bioactive metabolites, microorganisms have been recognized as “mini-factories” which are capable of synthesizing interesting bioactive natural compounds with reasonable cost. Under the family of Actinobacteria, the genus Streptomyces stands out in terms of manufacturing bioactive metabolites reserves, contributing over 10,000 bioactive compounds with high pharmaceutical values. In fact, the discovery of antibiotic streptomycin from soil bacterium, Streptomyces griseus has bestowed Professor Waksman and his team with the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1952. In continuing the fight against deadly infections, the search novel Streptomyces-derived bioactive compound is further bolstered with the numerous beneficial implications behind. The mangrove forest is termed as the intertidal region located between the land and the sea. Despite the constant exposure to harsh conditions, some Actinobacteria isolated from these ecosystems have exhibited interesting bioactivities, including anti-MRSA, antifungal and so on. Streptomyces pluripotens MUSC 135T was isolated as novel species from the poorly explored mangrove sediment (East Coast, Peninsular Malaysia). As an attempt to study the bioactive potential of this strain, MUSC 135T was subjected to fermentation before conducting antibacterial assays using traditional agar well diffusion method and high throughput screening method with 96-well microplates. Intriguely, the inhibition zone of MUSC 135T crude extract against MRSA (10.5 mm) was larger than that of the positive control, a Vancomycin disc (30 µg), which exhibited an inhibition zone of 9 mm. A deeper investigation using next generation sequencing has revealed some fascinating bioactive potential of strain MUSC 135T (NCBI accession: CP021080.1); a total of 4 biosynthetic gene clusters related to production of bacteriocin has been identified from MUSC 135T with genome size of 7.34 Mbps using bioinformatics tool BAGEL4. Among these cluster, one of them was predicted to be responsible for the production of Linear Azol(in)e-containing Peptides (LAPs), a group of bioactive metabolites which have been reported for anti-MRSA activities. Subsequently, one of the predicted genes was selected for expression study using E. coli model and the purified protein (Protein135_#1) was then used for anti-MRSA screening. Preliminary anti-MRSA screening has revealed significant reduction of MRSA after the treatment of Protein135_#1. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance in novel strain from underexplored area, like mangrove forest, particularly in the search of useful bioactive compounds.
Abstract:
Learn-Han Lee has completed his PhD in Molecular Biology and currently working as the Head of Microbiome and Bio-resource Research Strength, Principle Investigator of Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, Monash University Malaysia. He is the Lifetime Member of Bergey’s International Society for Microbial Systematics (BISMiS) and a Member of Royal Society of Biology (MRSB, UK).
Manik R Wahyunitisari
Airlangga University, Indonesia
Title: Crosstalk between cholecalciferol, retinyl palmitate and tuberculosis
Time : 13:50-14:30
Biography:
Manik R Wahyunitisari has completed her Medical Doctor from Airlangga University Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia
Abstract:
Vitamin A and vitamin D contribute on Tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. The purpose of this study is to analyze are the combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate could induce the effectiveness of 2nd line anti-TB drugs. Mus musculus C3HeB/FeJ was infected by multidrug-resistant strain Mtb. The first group (G1) was euthanized two weeks after infected to evaluate lung TB forming. (G2) is control group without any therapy. (G3) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs. (G4) was given retinyl palmitate and 2nd line anti-TB drugs. (G5) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs and cholecalciferol. (G6) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs, retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol. Immunohistochemistry was used for measuring nuclear receptor expression of vitamin D (VDR) and vitamin A (RARγ2); apoptosis caspase-3 marker; autophagy markers CRAMP and LC3B; necrosis marker RIPK3; and interstitial collagenase MMP1. Bacteria viability was counted in Colony Forming Units (CFU). Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze structural model within variable. VDR and RARγ2 were increased by each ligand (p=0.026 and p=0.019). Cholecalciferol increases autophagy which is characterized by an increase in CRAMP and LC3B (p=0.000 and p=0.001) and decreases MMP1 (p=0.010). Cholecalciferol or retinyl palmitate both increased casp3 expression (p=0.035 and p=0.027) and both reduced CFU (p=0.000 and p=0.000). The combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate reduced RIPK3 (p=0.002). Our study proves that the combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate supplementation on the 2nd line anti-TB drugs reduces cell necrosis directly.
Dewinta Enggar Pramesthi
Airlangga University, Indonesia
Title: Crosstalk between cholecalciferol, retinyl palmitate and tuberculosis
Time : 15:10-15:50
Biography:
Dewinta Enggar Pramesthi has completed her Medical Doctor from Airlangga University Faculty of Medicine, Indonesia.
Abstract:
Vitamin A and vitamin D contribute on Tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. The purpose of this study is to analyze are the combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate could induce the effectiveness of 2nd line anti-TB drugs. Mus musculus C3HeB/FeJ was infected by multidrug-resistant strain Mtb. The first group (G1) was euthanized two weeks after infected to evaluate lung TB forming. (G2) is control group without any therapy. (G3) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs. (G4) was given retinyl palmitate and 2nd line anti-TB drugs. (G5) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs and cholecalciferol. (G6) was given 2nd line anti-TB drugs, retinyl palmitate and cholecalciferol. Immunohistochemistry was used for measuring nuclear receptor expression of vitamin D (VDR) and vitamin A (RARγ2); apoptosis caspase-3 marker; autophagy markers CRAMP and LC3B; necrosis marker RIPK3; and interstitial collagenase MMP1. Bacteria viability was counted in Colony Forming Units (CFU). Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze structural model within variable. VDR and RARγ2 were increased by each ligand (p=0.026 and p=0.019). Cholecalciferol increases autophagy which is characterized by an increase in CRAMP and LC3B (p=0.000 and p=0.001) and decreases MMP1 (p=0.010). Cholecalciferol or retinyl palmitate both increased casp3 expression (p=0.035 and p=0.027) and both reduced CFU (p=0.000 and p=0.000). The combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate reduced RIPK3 (p=0.002). Our study proves that the combination of cholecalciferol and retinyl palmitate supplementation on the 2nd line anti-TB drugs reduces cell necrosis directly.