Bacteriology & Antibiotics

Bacterial Morphology and Metabolism

Bacterial ecology is defined as the interaction between bacteria and with their environment. Bacteria play a vital role in the biosphere and certain key processes, such as, the production and oxidation of methane, soil formation, conversion of rock to soil etc. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms and the part of microbiological science which encompasses the study of bacteria is known as “Bacteriology”. Major researches in bacteriology over the past years resulted in the development of many useful vaccines. The ancestors of present bacteria were said to be first forms of life on earth. Bacterial cells are about 0.5-5.0 micrometres in length. Bacteria exists in different shapes like single celled, diploid (Neisseria), chains (Streptococcus), filaments (Actinobacteria).Bacteria lack membrane bound organelles, contains single loop DNA, it generally undergo conjugation. There are techniques like staining to differentiate Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Compared to virus, cost for antibiotics is low still 700 million infections were found every year with the mortality rate of 0.1% normally and in severe conditions it is about 25%.
The global Clinical Bacteriology market is valued at $6,727.29 million in 2014 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 13.03% between 2014 and 2019. Increasing disease burden of infectious diseases and increased funding for healthcare expenditure are the important growth drivers for this market during the forecast period.