Bacteriology & Antibiotics

Microbial Biotechnology

Microbial biotechnology involves the exploitation, genetic manipulation and alterations of micro-organisms to make commercial valuable products and that also involves fermentation and various upstream and downstream processes. Microorganisms produce an amazing array of valuable products such as macromolecules (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrate polymers, even cells) or smaller molecules and are usually divided into metabolites that are essential for vegetative growth (primary metabolites) and those which give advantages over adverse environment (secondary metabolites). They usually produce these compounds in small amounts that are needed for their own benefit.