Bacteriology & Antibiotics

Natural Microbial Defences & Immunity

Humans are associated with microorganisms, as they even colonize in the body like S.aureus in the upper respiratory tract but it may not be harmful to the host and micro inflammation is a body’s defensive response towards an invading microorganism as an effort for self-protection to eradicate harmful stimuli. There are innate immune systems (primary defense mechanism) and adaptive immune system (secondary defence mechanism). Immunogenetics is a subspeciality of medicine that studies the relationship between genetics and immunology. Immunogenetics helps in understanding the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and infectious diseases and bacterial infections under clinical bacteriology also. The effect of pathogen on host not only depends upon the virulence factor but also depend upon the host’s genetic background. Some species shows innate susceptibility to pathogen not with host like syphilis, gonorrhoea, measles and poliomyelitis act on humans alone. The anatomical defense includes penetration of bacteria through the cut, puncture or scrap on the skin. There are some others like phagocytosis, inflammation through which bacteria can enter the host. Cell mediated immunity cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen.CD4 cells. For a good and proper health conditions, there is a need to improve immune systems. In the total adult population of US only 3% are able to manage the stress (10%), energy (15%) and sleep (11%) and a compromised immune system simultaneously.